What Are Kidney Cysts? | Types, Diagnosis & Treatment | Dr. Ram Mohan Bhat (Review)

What Are Kidney Cysts? | Types, Diagnosis & Treatment | Dr. Ram Mohan Bhat (Review)

Kidney cysts are a frequent issue for patients who visit nephrologists. Many people find out they have these cysts during routine medical imaging and often feel anxious about what it means for their health. In a recent talk, Dr. Ram Mohan Bhat, a consultant nephrologist at Narayana Health City in Bangalore, shared important information about kidney cysts, their various types, and when they might need medical intervention.

 Understanding Kidney Cysts

The kidneys, roughly the size of a fist, are made up of millions of filtering units known as nephrons. These nephrons play a crucial role in filtering blood and maintaining the body's fluid balance. Typically, the kidney's structure does not have fluid-filled spaces; however, having one or two kidney cysts is quite common and usually does not signal a serious health concern.

A cyst is essentially a fluid-filled sac that can range in size from less than a centimeter to several centimeters in diameter. Dr. Bhat notes that the likelihood of developing kidney cysts increases with age. While only about 2-3% of young adults may have kidney cysts, this figure jumps to 35-40% for those aged 70 and older.

 Types of Kidney Cysts

Dr. Bhat divides kidney cysts into two main categories:

 1. Simple Cysts

Simple cysts are solitary, fluid-filled sacs that lack any solid parts. They are typically benign and do not require extensive monitoring or treatment. People with one or two simple cysts in each kidney can generally go about their daily lives without worry. Regular follow-ups are usually unnecessary unless the cysts exhibit unusual changes.

 2. Simple Cysts

Complex cysts differ from simple cysts in that they contain multiple chambers, internal divisions, or solid components. These cysts are categorized using the Bosniak grading system, which ranges from I to III, with higher grades indicating a greater risk of malignancy. While 90% of complex cysts are benign, about 10% may need further evaluation.

Diagnosis and Monitoring

When a kidney cyst is found, healthcare providers utilize imaging techniques to examine its features:

Ultrasound Scan – This is the primary imaging method to assess the size and structure of the cyst. Follow-up scans are typically not needed for simple cysts.

CT Scan – This scan provides a more detailed view, particularly if the cyst appears complex or shows signs of growth over time.

For simple cysts, doctors usually advise against further intervention. However, if a cyst is complex or has grown significantly, additional imaging and medical consultation are essential to exclude malignancy.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

In some instances, individuals may develop multiple cysts in both kidneys, a condition referred to as Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD). This genetic disorder can manifest at birth or develop later in life. Unlike simple cysts, PKD can affect kidney function and, in severe cases, may lead to kidney failure. Those with a family history of PKD should consider genetic counseling and regular monitoring of kidney function.

When to See a Nephrologist

Dr. Bhat points out that most kidney cysts are not a health concern. However, medical evaluation is warranted in the following situations:

The cyst is classified as complex (with multiple compartments or solid components).

There are multiple cysts present in both kidneys, raising the possibility of PKD.

The cyst has shown significant growth over time.

The individual experiences a decline in kidney function or other related symptoms.

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https://youtu.be/JWPe2w9h0Y0nal Thoughts:

Kidney cysts are generally harmless and typically do not need treatment. If your medical report shows a simple cyst, there is usually no reason to worry. However, if you have complex cysts or multiple cysts, it's important to seek further evaluation from a nephrologist.

Dr. Ram Mohan Bhat emphasizes that early detection and proper monitoring can effectively manage kidney cysts. If you have any concerns about kidney cysts, it's best to consult a healthcare professional for tailored advice.